Observer Pattern | Set 1 (Introduction).Design Patterns | Set 2 (Factory Method).ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam.ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys.GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys.Visit vendors section of our website for antenna manufacturers/suppliers. To measure radiation properties of a highly directional horn antenna, we place a source antenna a certain distance away from a test antenna and measure the signal transmission level as the test antenna is rotated. When an antenna radiates more energy in one direction than another, it is said to have gain in that direction. Antenna radiation pattern measurementsĪn antenna has a radiation pattern that is a function of the relative angle between the test and source antennas. Directivity: It is the ability of an antenna to focus energy in a particular direction when transmitting or to receive energy better from a particular direction when receiving.
Efficiency: Ratio of total power radiated by antenna to the input power of antenna. Sensitivity: The minimum level of the signal antenna can receive is called it's sensitivity. Cross polarization: The component of the electric field normal to the desired polarization. G/T: Ratio of antenna gain to receiving system noise temperature. Beam width: The angle between half power points on the major lobe corresponding to maximum gain, usually in the principal plane. Linear Polarization: The polarization of an electric field whose amplitude changes at the radio frequency rate and whose direction remains fixed. Circular Polarization: A special case of elliptical polarization in which the amplitude is constant and the direction rotates synchronously with the radio frequency. Elliptical Polarization: The polarization of an electric field which changes in both direction and amplitude synchronously with the radio frequency. Polarization: It is defined in terms of the direction in space of electric field vector. Bore sight: The direction of maximum gain. Squint: Main beam of radiation pattern is shifted from its normal position that shift is called squint (degree of shift). In other terms gain is the product of antenna efficiency and antenna directivity.
Gain: Antenna gain is the ratio of power radiated in the direction of interest with respect to the power radiated in the same direction by an isotropic antenna. This page describes antenna gain equation, Antenna Gains vs Effective Area for various types of antennas, They focus energy in particular direction. This parabolic reflective antenna is widely used in microwave and satellite applications. It has figure eight shape radiation pattern in the other two dimensions.ĭirectional antenna transmits/receives energy to/from particular direction. This antenna has omni-directional radiation pattern in one direction. Simple half wave dipole falls in this category. In fact there is nothing like ideal isotropic antenna, each antenna will have some directivity. Non-directional antenna radiates energy in all the direction, which is also called as isotropic antenna. There are two main types: non-directional antenna and directional antenna. In these region power radiated from antenna decays inverse of square of distance. This region is also called as Fraunhofer region. Far field Region: The distance beyond limit of near field region is called far field region. The region above 3*Lambda is called radiating region or Fresnel region. The region up to 3*Lambda is called reactive or evanescent region, here wave is of non-propagating type. This region is further divided into two parts.
#Indirection design pattern free
Here D is the antenna diameter and Lambda is wavelength of free space. Near field Region: The distance up to 2*Square (D)/Lambda is called near field region. This radiation pattern is different for different types of antennas. This basically is the radiation pattern of the antenna. The second and most important function of antenna is to radiate the energy in the desired direction and suppress in the unwanted direction. Hence antenna is impedance transforming device. REFER our page on what is wireless to know more on electromagnetic wave➤.Īs Antenna resides between cable/waveguide and the medium air, the main function of antenna is to match impedance of the medium with the cable/waveguide impedance. The electro-magnetic waves carry information such as voice, data, video, image etc. Linear Polarization, Beam width, G/T, Cross polarization, Sensitivity, Efficiency,Directivity etc.Īntenna is a device used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. It also covers antenna terms Gain, Squint, Bore sight, Polarization, Elliptical Polarization, Circular Polarization, This antenna tutorial covers antenna functions, antenna terms, antenna types, antenna gains, Antenna Gains vs Effective Area, radiation pattern, near field and far field region and testing methods.
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